Phonemic Awareness

Teaching students to identify and represent story structure enhances students' memory and recall of text and helps them organize and write stories (Short and RYAN 1894; Fitzgerald and Teasley 1986).

According to Hudson, Lane, and Pullen (2005), reading fluency is made up of at least three key elements: accurate reading of connected text at a conversational rate with appropriate prosody or expression.

Accuracy - Word-reading accuracy refers to the ability to recognize or decode words correctly. To achieve word-reading accuracy requires, first, a deep understanding of alphabetic principle; second, the ability to blend sounds into words; and third, knowledge of a large number of high-frequency words.
Rate - Reading rate refers to how quickly and accurately one reads connected text. Rate is commonly measured as the number of words read correctly per minute.
Prosody - It is defined as the rhythmic and tonal aspects of speech: the "music" of spoken language (Hudson et al. 2005). Prosody comprises a series of features including pitch (intonation), stress patterns (syllabic prominence), and duration (length of time) that convey information above and beyond that provided by the actual word themselves (Allington 1983; Dowhower 1991; Schreiber 1980, 1991).

Oral Reading Fluency Norms

The Sourcebook is the essential guide for improving reading achievement by helping educators to bridge the gap between evidence-based reading research and actionable instructional strategies.

This books contains:

New MTSS (Multi-Tiered Systems of Support) overview
Explicit coverage (what? why? when? and how?) of essential components of reading instruction
Sample lesson models and resources to easily implement best practices
Common Core information, cross-references, and graphic explanations